Clinicians & diligence · detailed sources

gila sources

Full study catalogue, curated charts, PaperQA briefing, and needs-review queue. Patients should start on the plain-English data home.

128Studies
20Curated
47Needs review
2/3/2RCT / RWE / ICMR
121PubMed
2021–2026Year span

STEP-1

14.9%

Weight loss % · W68 · Semaglutide

SURMOUNT-1

20%

Weight loss % · W72 · Tirzepatide

RWE-DISC-12M

35%

Discontinuation % · W52 · Any GLP-1

PMID-41798487

22.2%

auto:discontinuation_pct · W12 · Tirzepatide

PMID-41938838

60%

Weight regained of prior loss · W52 · Any GLP-1

PMID-41938838

23w

Regain half-life · W23 · Any GLP-1

Trial N

4.6k

People in curated trial samples

PaperQA briefing

ollama/minimax-m3:cloud · 14 indexed papers

In 5 bullet points, summarize weight-loss % and discontinuation patterns across STEP-1, SURMOUNT-1, and any real-world discontinuation / regain studies in this corpus. Cite study short names.

  1. STEP-1 and SURMOUNT-1 weight-loss percentages: No specific data on weight-loss magnitude or discontinuation patterns from STEP-1 or SURMOUNT-1 is contained in this corpus; all four sources explicitly state they do not detail these trials' outcomes individually (Trajectory2026 chunk 1, Post2024 chunk 1, Patterns2026 chunk 1, Weight2026 chunk 1).
  2. General post-cessation regain trajectory (systematic review): Across 48 studies (6 RCTs, n=3,236), weight consistently rebounded after GLP-1RA cessation, with 60% of treatment-lost weight regained at 1 year and a plateau of 75.3% (95% CI 68.9–81.6) regain beyond 52 weeks; half-life of regain was 23.0 weeks (95% CI 17.3–34.3) in a decelerating exponential pattern (Trajectory2026 chunk 1).
  3. Illustrative composite reference: A flagged illustrative anchor (not tied to a named study) estimates ~30% regain by week 12, ~50% by week 23 (half-life), and ~67% by week 52 post-cessation, intended for replacement with STEP extension or withdrawal literature prior to diligence (Post2024 chunk 1).
  4. Real-world discontinuation patterns: In 10,649 U.S. military service members, 1-year persistence was highest for tirzepatide (Zepbound, 81.9%), intermediate for semaglutide (Wegovy, 70.7%), and lowest for liraglutide (Saxenda, 34.2%); mean PDC adherence was 78.2%, 71.6%, and 48.7%, respectively, with Zepbound showing 33% lower discontinuation hazard vs. Wegovy (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61–0.74) (Patterns2026 chunk 1).
  5. Editorial framing of withdrawal trials: STEP 4 and SURMOUNT 4 randomized withdrawal trials demonstrate rapid weight regain, typically within one year of GLP-1-based therapy withdrawal, with concurrent decline in cardiometabolic benefits, framed as disease recurrence consistent with chronic relapsing obesity pathophysiology (Weight2026 chunk 1).

Trajectory tracks

Curated weight-loss vs post-stop regain

Mean weight loss %

  • STEP-1 · 14.9% @ W68
  • SURMOUNT-1 · 20% @ W72

Post-cessation regain %

  • W12 · 30% regained
  • W23 · 50% regained
  • W52 · 60% regained

Discontinuation (curated RWE)

W12 · 22.2% · PMID-41798487
W26 · 20% · RWE-DISC-12M
W52 · 35% · RWE-DISC-12M

Plain English

Layman digest from curated anchors

20%Peak average weight lossTirzepatide · SURMOUNT-1 · ~week 72
22→35%People who stop treatmentWeek 12 → week 52 (curated RWE)
4571People in curated trialsSample sizes from STEP / SURMOUNT-style anchors
20Checked figures in graphs0 more still need human review

~20 kg

On treatment, the scale can move a lot

In large clinical trials, average loss reached about 20% with Tirzepatide and 15% with Semaglutide. For someone starting at 100 kg, that’s roughly 20 kg vs 15 kg — if you stay on treatment.

SURMOUNT-1: ~20% @ W72 · STEP-1: ~14.9% @ W68

4/10

Staying on treatment is the hard part

About 2 in 10 have stopped by week 12 (~3 months); closer to 4 in 10 by week 52 (~12 months). If that sounds like you, plan for support — not just a first prescription.

W12 ≈ 22% · W26 ≈ 20% · W52 ≈ 35%

BMI ↓

If you’re here for PCOS, the goal is often different

PCOS-specific SR/MA (PMID-42116999): GLP-1 RAs reduce BMI vs control (MD −1.09 kg/m²). That is not an obesity-trial peak WL% borrowed from STEP-1 — PCOS success is often metabolic and reproductive, not matching a multinational headline.

PMID-42116999 · vs obesity-trial peaks

22%

Indian real-world stop signal is now curated

PMID-41798487 (tirzepatide in Indian adults with T2D, n=71): 22.2% discontinued by ~week 12 (~3 months), mainly GI intolerance and cost. ICMR template slots remain thin (0) — this named Indian RWE is the stronger local anchor in-catalogue today.

PMID-41798487 · 2 RCT · 2 RWE · 3 PubMed · 0 ICMR

Chart vault

Curated-only visualisations (former Data / Pitch surfaces)

35%Stop · month 12Illustrative stop-rate composite (replace before diligence)
60%Loss back · year 1½-life W23
20%Peak mean lossTirzepatide trial by week 72 (~17 months)
810%Week 12 band810 kg @ 100 kg start

Weight loss on therapy

  • Semaglutide · STEP-1 trial~15% by week 68 (~16 months)
  • Tirzepatide · SURMOUNT-1 trial~20% by week 72 (~17 months)
Early (≤W16)
9%
810% · n=2
Mid (W17–40)
12.6%
1115% · n=4
Late (>W40)
16.7%
1420% · n=4

Discontinuation

Regain after stop

If you started at 100 kg

Semaglutide

15 kg → 85 kg

STEP-1 · W68

Tirzepatide

20 kg → 80 kg

SURMOUNT-1 · W72

Medicine end-points

  • STEP-1 · week 68Curated
  • SURMOUNT-1 · week 72Curated

Journey milestones

  1. W12
    ~10% average lossSemaglutide
    ~8% average lossTirzepatide
  2. W28
    ~12% average lossSemaglutide
    2/10People who’ve stopped by ~6 months
  3. W68
    ~15% average lossSemaglutide
    4/10People who’ve stopped by ~a year

People who stop (X in 10)

By week 12 (~3 months)

2/10

By week 26 (~6 months)

2/10

By week 52 (~12 months)

4/10

Catalogue mix

  • 2RCT trials
  • 2Real-world (RWE)
  • 3PubMed pulls

Pattern cards

Research-board synthesis from curated anchors

Weight-loss curves diverge by agent & horizon

Curated anchors peak around 20.0% by ~W72 (SURMOUNT-1). Earlier weeks cluster lower.

Compare programmes to nearest-week curated WL%. PCOS anchors are more conservative than multinational STEP/SURMOUNT means.

Discontinuation rises with time on therapy

W12 ≈ 22% mean disc. · W26 ≈ 20% mean disc. · W52 ≈ 35% mean disc.

Intensify adherence prompts before W26 and again toward W52. PubMed auto-extracts may inflate or conflict — verify before diligence packs.

Catalogue mix

7 studies · 2 curated/RCT-style · 2 RWE · 3 PubMed · 0 ICMR · 0 outcomes awaiting review.

Indian-specific / ICMR slots are still thin — fill from verified ICMR before treating local applicability as settled.

Evidence wall

80 / 80 studies · full catalogue

PMID-41496949

PubMed1 review

A narrative review on tirzepatide's therapeutic potential in glycemic control and cardioprotection.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41496949 · 1 outcomes

Tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist, represents a new class of incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity,

PMID-41498879

PubMed2 review

Diabetes Remission in Drug-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes After Efsubaglutide Alfa Treatment.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41498879 · 2 outcomes

Efsubaglutide alfa is a novel, long-acting GLP-1RA, which imparts human homology, molecular flexibility and enhanced GLP-1 receptor-specific binding. This drug-free, observational follow-up evaluated remission and durabi

PMID-41630895

PubMed

A FIDELITY Analysis on Finerenone With SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA in CKD.

2026 · Diabetes · · n=167 · PMID 41630895

Finerenone demonstrated kidney and cardiovascular benefits in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on optimized renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition in FIDELITY, a pooled individu

PMID-41666555

PubMed

The future of PCOS management: Disease modification through regenerative, metabolic, and digital therapeutics.

2026 · PCOS · · PMID 41666555

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents the leading endocrine problem affecting women of reproductive age, leading to serious complications related to reproduction, metabolism, and psychosocial aspects. Nonetheless,

PMID-41713959

PubMed2 review

Characterisation of real-world patients who discontinued a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41713959 · 2 outcomes

The objective of this analysis was to identify the 6-month discontinuation rate for GLP-1 analogues, reasons for discontinuation, and characteristics associated with discontinuation. This was a retrospective analysis of

PMID-41718773

PubMed

Is semaglutide a better weight-management option than bariatric surgery for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty?

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41718773

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been associated with increased risks of revision surgery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), raising concerns about its safety for weight management in this population. Semaglutide,

PMID-41733456

PubMed

Weight regain after bariatric surgery: A framework for management.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41733456

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease. Rates of obesity are rising worldwide. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, as it results in the greatest weight loss as well as significant improve

PMID-41760566

PubMed

Trends in 1-year persistence and adherence among initiators of high-potency, weight loss-indicated glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41760566

Despite the clinical efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for weight loss, real-world persistence remains substantially lower than seen in clinical trials. Since 2021, GLP-1RA shortages and ch

PMID-41762380

PubMed

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly IcoSema Versus Once-Daily IDegLira in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41762380

For people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), combination therapy with a basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) can improve glycaemic control, lower hypoglycaemia risk, and improv

PMID-41765029

PubMed

Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral orforglipron compared with oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (ACHIEVE-3): a multinational, multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

2026 · Diabetes · · n=424 · PMID 41765029

Orforglipron is a novel non-peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist designed for daily oral administration without food or water restrictions. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of orforglipron with oral semagl

PMID-41777326

PubMed

Post-sleeve gastrectomy weight loss: Role of botulinum toxin and semaglutide injections.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41777326

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of endoscopic botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and semaglutide (SME) injection in treatment of patients with obesity and weight regain after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The

PMID-41798487

RWE

Real-World Evidence of Tirzepatide in Indian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Significant Early Glycemic and Cardiometabolic Benefits.

2026 · Indian-specific · India · n=71 · PMID 41798487 · 1 outcomes

Multicenter Indian RWE (n=71): HbA1c −1.8%, weight −5.7% at 12 weeks; discontinuation 22.2% mainly GI intolerance and cost.

PMID-41799300

PubMed5 review

Prevalence and Predictors of Hair Shedding among GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Users: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · n=107 · PMID 41799300 · 5 outcomes

Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrate remarkable efficacy for weight management, emerging pharmacovigilance data suggest an increased hair loss risk, particularly with newer agents. T

PMID-41816857

PubMed2 review

Obesity Treatments and Weight Changes in Clinical Practice After Discontinuation of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41816857 · 2 outcomes

To describe obesity treatments in real-world settings after discontinuation of semaglutide or tirzepatide and variability in weight change post-discontinuation. This retrospective cohort study used electronic health reco

PMID-41838446

PubMed

A qualitative study exploring experiences about using semaglutide for weight loss in a rural setting in Denmark - 'she is probably on the meds'.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41838446

Semaglutide has gained attention for its efficacy in weight loss. However, little is known about patients' experiences. This study explores patient experiences with using Semaglutide for weight loss (SEMA-WL) in a rural

PMID-41889156

PubMed1 review

Clinical Management of Weight Regain and Cardiometabolic Consequences After Discontinuation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41889156 · 1 outcomes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual incretin therapies produce substantial weight loss and cardiometabolic improvement, yet treatment discontinuation is common and associated with adverse metabo

PMID-41898403

PubMed

Resistant and Refractory Obesity: The Complexity of Anti-Obesity Therapy Failure.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41898403

Pharmacotherapy is a key component of obesity management, yet treatment failure remains a prevalent challenge in clinical practice. Such failure may present as insufficient pharmacological response, early discontinuation

PMID-41901137

PubMed

New Drugs on the Block: Dietary Management and Nutritional Considerations During the Use of Anti-Obesity Medication.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41901137

Incretin-based pharmacotherapy has rapidly transformed obesity management. However, despite its efficacy, gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) are common and represent a major driver of treatment discontinuation. S

PMID-41909366

PubMed

Weight Regain After GLP-1-Based Therapy Discontinuation: Failure, Physiology, or Follow-Up Gap.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41909366

The introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual incretin agonists targeting both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors (GIP/GLP-1 dual agonists) has reshaped obesity management, approaching degre

PMID-41933725

PubMed

Childhood obesity and cardiac risk in youth: Emerging challenges toward 2050.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41933725

Pediatric obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, affecting over 381 million children worldwide and emerging as a critical public health issue. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 2016, 40% of adults are over

PMID-41936548

PubMed

Weight Loss With GLP-1 Agonists in Nondiabetic Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41936548

Two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) (semaglutide and liraglutide) and one dual agonist (tirzepatide) are FDA-approved for weight loss in adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes mellitus. This sy

PMID-41938838

PubMed

Trajectory of weight regain after cessation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and nonlinear meta-regression.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41938838 · 5 outcomes

SR/MA: 60% of lost weight regained at 1 year; half-life 23 weeks; extrapolated plateau 75.3% beyond 52 weeks.

PMID-41944182

PubMed

Real-World Clinical Evidence of Tirzepatide for Metabolic Abnormalities in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The Multicenter Retrospective Observational Hokkaido-TZP Study.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 41944182

Tirzepatide has demonstrated potent glucose-lowering efficacy and metabolic benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Phase III clinical trials. However, its efficacy in real-world clinical practice, particularl

PMID-41962807

PubMed2 review

Real-world weight impact upon tirzepatide discontinuation at a single-center endocrinology clinic in patients with overweight or obesity.

2026 · Diabetes · · n=68 · PMID 41962807 · 2 outcomes

Overweight and obesity are major contributors to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disease. Tirzepatide (TZP-MJ), originally approved for type 2 diabetes (T2D), has shown significant weight loss beyond glycemic impro

PMID-41967797

PubMed

Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

2026 · Diabetes · · n=83 · PMID 41967797

The comparative cardiovascular (CV) efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or high CV risk remain

PMID-41974489

PubMed

Weight "regain" in obesity shifts responsibility from biology to personal inadequacy.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 41974489

Weight "regain" in obesity shifts responsibility from biology to personal inadequacy.

PMID-42002673

PubMed

Reversion to normoglycemia with tirzepatide vs semaglutide in participants with obesity and prediabetes: a post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT-5.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42002673

BACKGROUND: Prevention of progression into type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with prediabetes is a key goal of obesity management. In SURMOUNT-5, once weekly tirzepatide at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD 10 mg or 1

PMID-42012820

PubMed

Cost-effectiveness of tirzepatide versus semaglutide for patients with obesity or overweight in the US: evidence from the SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head phase-3 trial.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42012820

This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness (from the United States [US] societal perspective) of tirzepatide at its maximum-tolerated-dose (MTD) compared to semaglutide (MTD), both administered adjunct to a reduced-calo

PMID-42017027

PubMed1 review

Clinical outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42017027 · 1 outcomes

Metabolic complications after kidney transplantation (KT) significantly affect graft and patient survival. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) offer cardio-renal benefits in the general population, but e

PMID-42021523

PubMed

Enhancing economic modelling in obesity: integrating novel type 2 diabetes progression & obstructive sleep apnea remission - a UK case study.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42021523

This study presents an updated health economic model for evaluating the long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions in overweight and obesity, integrating new clinical evidence from the SURMOUNT clinical trial programm

PMID-42026424

PubMed

Sequential Intragastric Balloon Followed By GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Obesity: A Comparative Study of 12-Month Weight Loss Outcomes.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42026424

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic and pharmacological therapies are well-established non-surgical options for obesity management. Although combined use of intragastric balloon (IGB) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GL

PMID-42030208

PubMed

Real-World Comparison of Short-Term Adverse Events, Treatment Persistence, and Efficacy of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide: A Nationwide Multicenter Study.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42030208

Real-world data directly comparing the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide in patients with obesity remain limited. This nationwide multicenter observational study compared short-term a

PMID-42037110

PubMed3 review

Six-Month Real-World Effectiveness, Persistence and Safety of Low-to-Moderate Dose Tirzepatide in Adults With Obesity: A Multicentre Observational Study.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42037110 · 3 outcomes

To evaluate 6-month weight-loss outcomes, treatment persistence, and safety of low- to moderate-dose tirzepatide in a real-world clinical setting. This multicentre retrospective observational study evaluated adults with

PMID-42037504

PubMed1 review

[Tirzepatide in real-world clinical practice: changes in body composition and muscle function in patients with obesity].

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42037504 · 1 outcomes

obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has demonstrated weight loss exceeding 20 % at higher doses. However, real-world data remain limited, particularly regarding

PMID-42050884

PubMed

Indirect Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42050884

Tirzepatide, an injectable glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA), is approved for weight management in several regions. Oral GLP-1 RAs, such as semag

PMID-42060800

PubMed1 review

Semaglutide in obesity and type 2 diabetes: A review of clinical trial evidence from 1 to 5 semaglutide treatment effect in people with obesity program.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42060800 · 1 outcomes

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widespread health concerns that often coexist, contributing to increased cardiometabolic risks and premature death. Despite advancements in both lifestyle interventions and

PMID-42062622

PubMed

Data-driven prioritization of high-risk individuals for weight loss interventions.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42062622

New obesity medications have demonstrated efficacy in trials, but their real-world deployment is partly limited by the absence of approaches that identify individuals for treatment based on risks for obesity-related comp

PMID-42093865

PubMed

Tirzepatide-associated interstitial kidney injury.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42093865

We report a case of interstitial nephritis, likely secondary to tirzepatide. A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, stage 3b chronic kidney disease, and other metabolic comorbidities experienced a progressive decline in

PMID-42099474

PubMed

Pharmacological therapy in the obese patient: is it only a matter of fat loss?

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42099474

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial condition strongly associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk, as well as the development of systemic complications. Recent evidence from randomized controlled trials

PMID-42108080

PubMed

Effect of Tirzepatide on Health-Related Quality of Life in Japanese Patients With Obesity Disease: Patient-Reported Outcomes From the SURMOUNT-J Study.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42108080

We evaluated the impact of tirzepatide on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in Japanese individuals with obesity disease from the phase 3 SURMOUNT-J trial. Japanese adults with obesity disease without diabetes were

PMID-42109572

PubMed

Kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in people with type 2 diabetes already receiving SGLT2 inhibitors: a target trial emulation study using UK primary care data.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42109572

Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure and is predominantly managed in primary care. Large randomised trials have shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors each slow kidney disease progressi

PMID-42116999

PubMed

Effectiveness of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

2026 · PCOS · · PMID 42116999 · 1 outcomes

18 RCTs: GLP-1 RAs reduced BMI vs control (MD −1.09 kg/m²). PCOS metabolic endpoints — not STEP-1 obesity-trial WL%.

PMID-42119587

PubMed1 review

Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42119587 · 1 outcomes

Obesity treatment improves long-term health and quality of life outcomes. Weight reduction and its maintenance play an important role in achieving these goals. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuing tirzepati

PMID-42120723

PubMed1 review

Orforglipron for maintenance of body weight reduction: the double-blind, randomized phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trial.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42120723 · 1 outcomes

Incretins have improved the management of obesity and its related complications, but maintaining these health benefits requires ongoing administration, which can be challenging. Orforglipron, a once-daily oral nonpeptide

PMID-42124784

PubMed

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy Before and After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Review of Outcomes.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42124784

The paradigm of obesity treatment is rapidly evolving with the introduction and widespread adoption of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Semaglutide, the representative agent, has demonstrated substa

PMID-42147968

PubMed1 review

Decoding the hallmarks of GLP-1RA weight-loss super-responders.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42147968 · 1 outcomes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have reshaped obesity treatment, yet weight-loss outcomes remain highly uneven in real-world care. Using a federated biomedical platform, we analyzed 135 349 indi

PMID-42155603

PubMed

GLP-1 receptor agonists and surgical care: implications for bariatric Procedures, perioperative Outcomes, and nutritional optimization.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42155603

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for obesity and type 2 diabetes and are now frequently encountered in patients undergoing bariatric and other elective surgeries. Their effects o

PMID-42159298

PubMed

DUAL GIP/GLP-1Ra reduces residual proteinuria in non-diabetic fabry disease.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42159298

Residual proteinuria remains a major determinant of renal disease progression in Fabry disease (FD) despite optimized enzyme replacement or chaperone therapy and maximal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. Dual gluc

PMID-42160590

PubMed

Comment on Sattar et al. Weight Reduction With Tirzepatide Varied Meaningfully by Baseline HbA1c Category in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in SURMOUNT-2. Diabetes Care 2025;48:e136-e137.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42160590

Comment on Sattar et al. Weight Reduction With Tirzepatide Varied Meaningfully by Baseline HbA1c Category in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabet

PMID-42163990

PubMed1 review

Weight trajectories after last tirzepatide or semaglutide prescription across a federated health network.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42163990 · 1 outcomes

GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) discontinuation has been associated with weight regain. However, weight trajectories following the last documented GLP-1RA prescription in the real-world clinical setting have not been ex

PMID-42166309

PubMed

ICER report demonstrates both the value and challenges in financing of weight loss medications.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42166309

Two out of 5 US adults live with obesity, generating substantial clinical and economic burden. Recent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), including semaglutide and tirzepatide, demonstrate significant

PMID-42168641

PubMed

Causes and consequences of discontinuation of GLP1RAs or tirzepatide.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42168641

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor (GLP1R) agonists and tirzepatide, a dual GLP1R and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, have become fundamental in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM

PMID-42169198

PubMed1 review

Projected reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events among high-risk U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes eligible for oral semaglutide: a SOUL trial-based analysis using NHANES (1988-2018) cycles.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42169198 · 1 outcomes

BACKGROUND: Oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), has been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes in the SOUL trial. It

PMID-42183911

PubMed

To Reenvision and Redefine: Considering the Role of Lifestyle Interventions in the New Era of Second-Generation Obesity Management Medications.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42183911

This narrative review examines lifestyle considerations before, during, and after second-generation obesity management medication (OMM) treatment. Second-generation OMMs, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, have demon

PMID-42201797

PubMed

Tirzepatide data: safety first is safety always!

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42201797

Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, offers unprecedented efficacy for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Due to its rapid global adoption, understanding its complete safety spectrum is urgently needed to guide

PMID-42206250

PubMed

Lifestyle First and Lifestyle Always, Does Not Mean Lifestyle Only: Reimagining Cardiometabolic Care in the Era of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42206250

The rapid uptake of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), including semaglutide and tirzepatide, has transformed the management of obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic disease, producing substantial we

PMID-42229460

PubMed

Insulin Sensitivity and Beta Cell Function With Macupatide Alone or With Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Phase 1b, Randomised Controlled Trial.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42229460

This Phase 1b, randomised, double-blind clinical trial investigated the contribution of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to insulin sensitivity and secretion in peopl

PMID-42244474

PubMed

Rates of, Reasons for, and Reactions to Discontinuation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Narrative Review.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42244474

GLP-1RAs are increasingly used for their glucose-lowering and weight-management effects, but many patients discontinue them. In this narrative review we aim to review real-world, quantitative and qualitative GLP-1RA disc

PMID-42247124

PubMed

Tirzepatide for Recurrent Weight Gain after Bariatric Procedures: Real-World Evidence of Efficacy and Safety.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42247124

Recurrent weight gain after bariatric surgery (BS) or endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT) remains a long-term clinical challenge, potentially undermining long-term treatment success. Tirzepatide, a dual agonist of the glu

PMID-42247231

PubMed

Patient Experiences With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42247231

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are transformational therapies in the treatment of obesity; yet discontinuation rates are high, and patients experience rapid weight regain after stopping treatment.

PMID-42252377

PubMed

Dose-Response and Clinical Equivalence of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes: A Model-Based Analysis.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42252377

Semaglutide and tirzepatide are highly effective incretin-based therapies for weight reduction in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, direct comparisons across the full range of clinically relevant dos

PMID-42278227

PubMed

Retrospective Comparative Study of Oral Versus Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

2026 · Diabetes · · n=232 · PMID 42278227

Semaglutide represents a unique therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), being the first and currently only glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) available in both subcutaneous a

PMID-42280393

PubMed

Nutrition-First Support for GLP-1 and Dual Incretin Therapy in Obesity: A Practical Framework for Dietary Management, Symptom Tolerability, and Long-Term Weight Maintenance.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42280393

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists have transformed obesity treatment, producing substantial weight loss during active

PMID-42286330

PubMed

Impact of Preoperative Semaglutide Discontinuation Timing on Postoperative Outcomes in Aesthetic Abdominoplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42286330

The widespread adoption of GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide for weight loss has led to an increasing number of non-diabetic patients seeking body contouring procedures after pharmacologic weight reduction. How

PMID-42287159

PubMed

Post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT-J: tirzepatide versus placebo and predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in Japanese adults with obesity disease.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42287159

Obesity management is central to reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the phase 3 SURMOUNT-J trial, tirzepatide significantly reduced body weight and improved cardiometabolic parameters versus placebo in Japane

PMID-42289805

PubMed

Effectiveness of tirzepatide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes but no obesity: A sub-analysis of Hokkaido-TZP study data.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42289805

Although tirzepatide efficaciously reduces glucose concentrations and weight, phase 3 trials evaluated patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2. Consequently, clinical evidence in patients with type

PMID-42291858

PubMed

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Treatment After Liver Transplantation: A Hypothesis-Generating Case Report.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42291858

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) are widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, yet their safety profile in liver transplant recipients remains insufficiently characterized. W

PMID-42303274

PubMed

Tirzepatide for Obesity in Adults ≥ 65 Years: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURMOUNT and SUMMIT Clinical Trials.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42303274

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist (RA) approved for weight management in adults with obesity. Data on older adults remain

PMID-42306018

PubMed

GLP1 receptor agonists in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) - beyond weight loss: a condensed scientific review.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42306018

More than half of cases of heart failure (HF) now occur with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a heterogeneous syndrome strongly influenced by comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillat

PMID-42307450

PubMed

Weight-Lowering Drugs and Natural Female Fertility-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42307450

Overweight and obesity are global health concerns linked to impaired female fertility. Weight-lowering drugs are an alternative for achieving weight loss; however, their effect on natural female fertility is unclear. A s

PMID-42310090

PubMed

A Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial Ageing.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42310090

The efficacy of non-invasive ultrasound skin tightening (e.g., Sofwave) relies on fibroblast mechanotransduction, a process impaired in obesity. The widespread use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) like semaglutide f

PMID-42317617

PubMed

Tirzepatide and the Cardiovascular Continuum: Metabolic, Cardiorenal and Heart Failure Evidence.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42317617

Tirzepatide is a first-in-class, once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Given the tight link between hyperglycemia, adiposity, and cardiovascular disease, tirzepatide ha

PMID-42318855

PubMed

Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42318855

Long-term weight management drugs have the potential to reduce body weight and blood pressure in obese or overweight individuals. Being overweight or obese is often associated with hypertension, which is linked to an inc

PMID-42321502

PubMed

Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists at doses for obesity management on muscle health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42321502 · 1 outcomes

7 RCTs (n=821): absolute lean mass −1.74 kg; lean mass as % of total weight +1.81%. Nutrition + resistance training recommended.

PMID-42321509

PubMed

Adjunctive Dulaglutide in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42321509

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to demyelination, axonal injury, and progressive disability. Glucagon-like peptide&#

PMID-42323166

PubMed

Short- and long-term effects of semaglutide 2.4 mg on energy intake, appetite, and food reward: a 60-week, double-blind randomized controlled trial.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42323166

Studies of ≤20 wk have demonstrated reductions in energy intake, appetite, and food reward with semaglutide that may drive initial weight loss. These brief studies could not assess whether semaglutide has long-ter

PMID-42327337

PubMed

Perinatal Semaglutide Treatment Improves Maternal Health and Mitigates Offspring Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42327337

Early-life exposures during critical periods of development significantly impact lifelong metabolic risk and likely contribute to the rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatot

PMID-42329656

PubMed

Obesity Management Pharmacotherapies and Lifestyle Treatment for Pediatric Obesity Management: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42329656

Pediatric obesity is a global health challenge. Although health behavior and lifestyle treatment (HBLT) is foundational, the comparative effectiveness of HBLT, various pharmacotherapies, and their combinations remains un

PMID-42331726

PubMed

Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/Obesity.

2026 · Diabetes · · PMID 42331726

This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of survodutide on beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose biomarkers in two phase 2 trial populations. Trial 1404-0002 randomised 413 participants with type 2 diab

PMID-42334799

PubMed1 review

Experience with Tirzepatide and Weight Management During and After a Clinical Trial in Japanese Patients with Obesity Disease: A Qualitative Study.

2026 · GLP-1 general · · PMID 42334799 · 1 outcomes

The phase 3 SURMOUNT-J clinical trial showed that Japanese adults with obesity disease achieved clinically meaningful body weight loss with once-weekly tirzepatide for 72 weeks. The primary objective of the pre

Curated chart sources

PMID-41798487

2026

Cureus 2026 — Real-world tirzepatide in Indian adults with T2D (PMID 41798487)

N ≈ 71

PMID-41938838

2026

EClinicalMedicine 2026 — Trajectory of weight regain after GLP-1RA cessation (PMID 41938838)

PMID-42116999

2026

Cureus 2026 — GLP-1 RAs in PCOS systematic review & meta-analysis (PMID 42116999)

PMID-42321502

2026

Int J Obes 2026 — GLP-1 RAs at obesity doses and muscle health SR/MA (PMID 42321502)

RWE-DISC-12M

2024

Illustrative RWE discontinuation composite (~20%/~35% at 6/12 months) — replace with named RWE before diligence; Indian RWE also curated as PMID-41798487

SURMOUNT-1

2022

Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022 (SURMOUNT-1) — illustrative anchor

N ≈ 2,539

STEP-1

2021

Wilding et al., NEJM 2021 (STEP 1) — illustrative anchor for mean WL%

N ≈ 1,961

Rollups

Weighted / simple averages from curated outcomes

MetricWDrugProgrammeWeightedSimpleSourcesN
BMI mean difference vs control0any_glp1pcos_reversal-1.09kg/m2-1.09kg/m21
auto:discontinuation_pct12tirzepatideany22.2%22.2%171
discontinuation_pct26any_glp1any20%20%1
discontinuation_pct52any_glp1any35%35%1
Absolute lean-mass change0any_glp1any-1.74kg-1.74kg1
Regain half-life23any_glp1any23weeks23weeks1
weight_loss_pct12semaglutideweight_loss10%10%11961
weight_loss_pct12tirzepatideweight_loss8%8%12539
weight_loss_pct20semaglutideweight_loss11%11%11961
weight_loss_pct24tirzepatideweight_loss12.5%12.5%12539
weight_loss_pct28semaglutideweight_loss12%12%11961
weight_loss_pct36tirzepatideweight_loss15%15%12539
weight_loss_pct52semaglutideweight_loss14%14%11961
weight_loss_pct52tirzepatideweight_loss18%18%12539
weight_loss_pct68semaglutideweight_loss14.9%14.9%11961
weight_loss_pct72tirzepatideweight_loss20%20%12539
Weight regained of prior loss12any_glp1any30%30%1
Weight regained of prior loss23any_glp1any50%50%1
Weight regained of prior loss52any_glp1any60%60%1
Extrapolated regain plateau78any_glp1any75.3%75.3%1

Needs-review queue

Auto-extracted % from PubMed / ICMR stubs — verify before diligence (47 flagged)

StudyMetricWValueDrugSnippet
ICMR-TEMPLATE-DISC12mo discontinuation rate (template)5228%any_glp1Replace this row with real ICMR numbers before diligence use
ICMR-TEMPLATE-WL12mo mean weight loss % (template)528.5%semaglutideReplace this row with real ICMR numbers
PMID-42484967auto:discontinuation_pct5214%any_glp1Treatment discontinuation was 14% with GLP1-RA and 20% with SGLT2i (HR 0.
PMID-42457543auto:discontinuation_pct525.2%tirzepatideOf patients in the safety analysis set, 11 (5.2%) discontinued treatment because of adverse events
PMID-42424303auto:discontinuation_pct5233%semaglutideCompared to Wegovy, the hazard of discontinuation was 33% lower for Zepbound (hazard ratio [HR]:
PMID-42417199auto:discontinuation_pct5220%any_glp1High discontinuation rates (20%-50% within 1 year) and prior GLP-1 RA e
PMID-42495930auto:weight_regain_pct5214.3%semaglutideBy 2 years, weight regain was less frequent in the DEAR group (14.3%) than in the semaglutide (55.6%)
PMID-42472282auto:weight_loss_pct522.95%any_glp10 mg was -1.09% (-1.32 to -0.86) and in body weight was -2.95% (-3.94 to -1.95). Adverse events were p
PMID-42447181auto:discontinuation_pct5232%semaglutidects, 46.0% reported weight regain after discontinuation, and 32.0% used these medications without medical
PMID-42447181auto:discontinuation_pct5246%semaglutideusers, 62.0% experienced side effects, 46.0% reported weight regain after discontinuation, and 32.0% used these medications witho
PMID-42447181auto:weight_regain_pct5232%semaglutidexperienced side effects, 46.0% reported weight regain after discontinuation, and 32.0% used these medications without medical
PMID-42447181auto:weight_loss_pct5262%semaglutiderted using antidiabetic medications for weight loss, primarily semaglutide. Among users, 62.0% experienced side effects, 46.0% reporte
PMID-42417199auto:discontinuation_pct5220%semaglutidedose attainment is accounted for. High discontinuation rates (20%-50% within 1 year) and prior GLP-1 RA e
PMID-42169198auto:discontinuation_pct5215.5%semaglutideubgroups. At 50% uptake, and assuming a 15.5% discontinuation rate as observed in the SOUL trial, an
PMID-42017027auto:discontinuation_pct5220%any_glp1mild gastrointestinal intolerance (10%-20%), with rare discontinuations and no increased risk of hypoglycemia,
PMID-41713959auto:discontinuation_pct5226.8%semaglutideGLP-1 therapy. Common reasons for GLP-1 discontinuation included: 26.8% with an adverse drug reaction (ADR), 14
PMID-41713959auto:discontinuation_pct5231.7%semaglutidere 1374 patients included, of whom 436 (31.7%) discontinued GLP-1 therapy. Common reasons for GLP-1
PMID-41498879auto:discontinuation_pct5260%any_glp1ts were enrolled; at 3 months post-discontinuation, the diabetes remission rate was 60% (12/20). The probabilities of maintaini
PMID-41498879auto:discontinuation_pct527%any_glp1PER-1 with HbA1c ≤ 7.0% discontinued all glucose-lowering therapy and entere
PMID-42163990auto:weight_regain_pct5226.2%semaglutide1-RA prescription than among those with weight regain (26.2% vs. 14.7%; P = .04). Furt
PMID-42147968auto:weight_loss_pct525%semaglutideied them as "super responders" (>15% weight loss), "moderate responders" (5%-15% weight loss), "minimal weight-loss
PMID-42060800auto:weight_loss_pct5215%semaglutideutide's ability to maintain significant weight loss (~15%) and improve metabolic health over a 2-
PMID-42037110auto:discontinuation_pct5220%tirzepatideen (p = 0.042). Treatment discontinuation occurred in 20% of patients, most commonly during the t
PMID-42037110auto:weight_loss_pct5294.2%tirzepatide09;months of therapy. Median percentage weight loss was substantial, with 94.2% achieving ≥ 5% weight los
PMID-42037110auto:weight_loss_pct5277.9%tirzepatidewith 94.2% achieving ≥ 5% weight loss, 77.9% ≥ 10%, 47.1% ≥&#x2
PMID-41962807auto:discontinuation_pct526.7%tirzepatidehieving a mean body weight reduction of 6.7%. The most common reason for TZP-MJ discontinuation was because of medication access relate
PMID-41962807auto:weight_loss_pct526.7%tirzepatider a mean of 11 months, achieving a mean body weight reduction of 6.7%. The most common reason for TZP-MJ disc
PMID-41889156auto:weight_regain_pct5260%any_glp1inuation is associated with substantial weight regain (60%-90% within one year) and parallel rever
PMID-41816857auto:discontinuation_pct5219.6%semaglutidele) were identified. During 1-year post-discontinuation, 19.6% restarted the index medication and 35.2
PMID-41816857auto:discontinuation_pct528.4%semaglutidercentage weight change from baseline to discontinuation was -8.4% [95% CI, -8.7%, -8.1%] when treating ob
PMID-41799300auto:discontinuation_pct5263.6%semaglutidewith <5%, p = 0.002), and medication discontinuation (63.6% vs. 40% in non-shedders, p = 0.013). Mu
PMID-41799300auto:discontinuation_pct5237.7%semaglutidecited hair shedding as their reason for discontinuation, although 37.7% reported resolution after stopping trea
PMID-41799300auto:weight_loss_pct5282.7%semaglutidemales, p = 0.009), greater magnitude of weight loss (82.7% prevalence with ≥15% weight loss
PMID-41799300auto:weight_loss_pct5240%semaglutideloss (82.7% prevalence with ≥15% weight loss vs. 40% with <5%, p = 0.002), and medication
PMID-41799300auto:weight_loss_pct5215.9%semaglutideon after stopping treatment. The median weight loss was 15.9% [IQR 8.69-22.5], with 53.3% achieving &
PMID-41496949auto:weight_loss_pct5220%tirzepatideed hemoglobin (HbA1c) by up to 2.5% and body weight by more than 20%. It also improved cardiovascular risk f
PMID-42419792auto:weight_loss_pct5214.9%semaglutidegh certainty evidence shows substantial weight loss with tirzepatide (mean difference -14.9%, 95% confidence interval -16.0% to -13.
PMID-42487213auto:weight_loss_pct5295%tirzepatideproduced an 18.04% greater reduction in body weight versus placebo (95% CI -19.86 to -16.22; p <&#x20
PMID-42487213auto:weight_loss_pct5218.16%tirzepatide01, I2 = 77%). Percentage weight loss appeared comparable between Asian (-18.16%) and non-Asian (-17.92%) trials (p&#x20
PMID-42334799auto:weight_loss_pct5275.9%tirzepatide% had positive feelings associated with body weight loss, and 75.9% expressed willingness to continue drug

Public / published research only — no patient PII. Auto-extracted PubMed and ICMR template rows may have needs_review=true; verify before diligence.